Key facts about BDS in Toronto and Canada

The Toronto Coalition Against Racist Boycotts holds that the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) movement is a discriminatory and antisemitic campaign to isolate the world’s only Jewish state, and that it harms Palestinians. Canada’s House of Commons rejected BDS 229–51 on 22 February 2016 S001, Ontario’s legislature rejected it 49–5 on 1 December 2016 S016, and the University of Toronto refuses academic boycotts of Israeli institutions S025.

What BDS is

Table 1. Founding, demands and organizing bodies.

FactDetailSource
Founding call9 July 2005, issued by about 170 Palestinian organizationsS126
AntecedentsArab League boycott, 2 December 1945; Durban NGO Forum call for Israel’s isolation as an apartheid state, 2001S075 S086
Three demandsCumulative: end the 1967 occupation and dismantle the barrier; full equality for Arab citizens of Israel; refugee return under UN General Assembly Resolution 194S126
End goalThe BNC states no position on one or two states; the Canadian BDS Coalition seeks a secular democratic State of Palestine. The coalition concludes that the program is directed against Israel’s existence as the Jewish stateS140 S143
Coordinating bodyBDS National Committee (BNC), founded in Ramallah, November 2007S075 S127
Academic and cultural armPACBI, founded in Ramallah, 6 April 2004; its guidelines list 12 categories of boycottable academic activity; it rejects settlement-only boycotts (31 March 2012)S130 S128 S132

Canada’s government record

Table 2. Government actions on BDS and related matters, 2016–2026.

DateRecordResultSource
22 Feb 2016House of Commons Vote No. 14, motion rejecting BDS (Tony Clement)Agreed to 229–51 with Liberal support; the motion says BDS promotes the demonization and delegitimization of IsraelS001
19 May 2016Ontario Bill 202 (Tim Hudak, Mike Colle), which would have barred universities from supporting BDSLost on division at second reading, 18 in favour to 39 againstS015 S235 S165
1 Dec 2016Ontario Private Members’ Notice of Motion No. 36 (Gila Martow) rejecting differential treatment of Israel, including BDSCarried 49–5, the first province to do so; the Votes and Proceedings name the five dissenting members, all New DemocratsS016 S166
1 Sep 2019Modernized Canada–Israel Free Trade Agreement (Bill C-85, royal assent 27 May 2019)In force; tariffs removed on virtually all productsS004 S005
22 May 2025Toronto By-law 488-2025, the bubble-zone bylaw, under council item CC30.5Item adopted 16–9; bylaw enacted 22 May 2025 and in force 2 July 2025; 50-metre access area established on the owner’s application around a childcare centre, place of worship or school, for one renewable year; contravention is an offence punishable by a fine under the Provincial Offences Act. The bylaw sets no dollar figure and does not cover community centres, and it expressly does not prohibit peaceful protestS020 S217 S169
18 Jun 2026Bill C-9, Combatting Hate Act (introduced 19 Sep 2025)Royal assent; in force 18 July 2026 under section 12 of the Act, which needs no order in council. New Criminal Code section 423.3 makes it an offence to intimidate or obstruct access to a place of worship, to a building used by an identifiable group for administrative, social, cultural or sports activities, to an educational institution, to a seniors’ residence or to a cemetery; maximum 10 yearsS008 S009

Courts

Table 3. Court decisions on BDS and settlement-product labelling.

CaseDateHoldingSource
Kattenburg v. Canada (Attorney General), 2019 FC 100329 Jul 2019Product-of-Israel labels on two Psagot wines held false, misleading and deceptive; the matter was sent back to the Canadian Food Inspection AgencyS021 S023
Canada (Attorney General) v. Kattenburg, 2020 FCA 1646 Oct 2020A single judge dismissed several motions for leave to intervene and added Psagot Winery Ltd. as a respondent. This decision did not touch the merits: it neither set aside the 2019 ruling nor remitted anythingS021
Supreme Court of Canada docket 394741 Apr 2021Leave to appeal 2020 FCA 164 dismissed; the question at issue was intervener status, not labellingS022
Canada (Attorney General) v. Kattenburg, 2021 FCA 865 May 2021The merits appeal: the Crown’s appeal was dismissed, but the Federal Court of Appeal held that the Federal Court should not have decided the labelling question itself and remitted the matter to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, which is not bound by the Federal Court’s reasonsS199
Canadian Food Inspection Agency redetermination2022The Agency redetermined that, without clarifying information, “Product of Israel” on the two labels is false, because the wines were not produced within Israel’s internationally recognized boundaries. The decision itself is not published on any government siteS201
University of Toronto (Governing Council) v. Doe, 2024 ONSC 3755 (Koehnen J.)2 Jul 2024Injunction ending the encampment begun 2 May 2024: strong prima facie case in trespass. The court expressly declined to decide whether the Charter applied, because no notice of constitutional question had been served, and decided the case on Charter values; an alternative analysis in Appendix A concluded the Charter would not apply and that any breach would in any event be justified under section 1. Removal by 6 pm on 3 July, a deadline set in the formal order rather than the reasons. Some speech on the encampment’s exterior rose to hate speech, though the court found no evidence that named respondents or occupants used slogans with any intention of violence, antisemitism or hatredS024 S171 S170

Toronto universities

Table 4. Toronto universities and BDS.

BodyDateFactSource
University of Toronto, President Meric Gertler8 Apr 2024Academic boycotts of any kind are antithetical to the university’s mission, a position dating to the 1980s; no divestment on political demandsS025
University of Toronto, Provost Cheryl Regehr8 Mar 2022Withheld $10,918 (0.86% of fees) from the graduate students’ union (UTGSU) after a year of inaction on a February 2021 ruling that its BDS-caucus bylaws excluded members by beliefS026
University of Toronto Students’ Union (UTSU), an autonomous union, not the university16 Feb 2022Divestment motion binding only the union’s own funds. The union published no vote count and no minutes for the meeting: its statement of 17 February 2022 records only that “the majority voted in favour”, and its board minutes of 27 February 2022 note that many uploaded minutes have been lost. Press figures conflict: the Jerusalem Post reported 299 to 143 and the Algemeiner 299 to 243, while The Varsity’s account of the meeting gives no count at all. This page does not repeat a tally the union’s own records do not supportS211 S163 S220 S164
York University, President Mamdouh Shoukri21 Apr 2016Board-approved policies do not support BDS or divestmentS175
York University Independent Review (Hon. Thomas A. Cromwell)Dated 30 Apr 2020Independent review (84 pages) of the Vari Hall incident of 20 November 2019, based on 22 interviews and nine written briefs. “York University Independent Review” is the document’s own cover titleS030
Ryerson University (now TMU), President Sheldon Levy2 Apr 2014The students’ union voted to join BDS; the university does not support it and the union is a separate entityS177
Toronto Metropolitan University, MacDonald review31 May 2024External review (204 pages) of the law-school letter of 20 October 2023: protected expression, no code breach; deep hurt for Jewish students documentedS032
Toronto Metropolitan University, Benotto review14 Aug 2026External review (190 pages): the 19 September 2025 arrest was reasonable and lawful; a venue denial enabled a heckler’s veto; divestment and boycott initiatives are not politically neutralS034
Faculty associations2024–2025The OCAD University Faculty Association passed a motion unanimously at its membership meeting of 27 May 2024, conveyed by letter of 30 May 2024, endorsing a petition to cut ties with RBC partnerships and the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design; the York University Faculty Association approved a motion for divestment and for ending cooperation with Israeli academic and cultural institutions on 19 November 2024, publishing no tally; the University of Toronto Faculty Association voted on 8 May 2025 to press the University Pension Plan to divest, 714 in favour to 585 opposed with 66 abstentions out of 1,365 voters. None of these votes binds a university, and the University of Toronto Faculty Association cannot direct the pension plan’s investment policyS230 S229 S215

Antisemitic hate crime in Canada and Toronto

Three separate counts of antisemitic incidents appear below, and they measure different things under different rules. The Toronto Police Service counts criminal occurrences it has classified as hate-motivated within the City of Toronto. Statistics Canada aggregates police-reported criminal incidents across Canada under the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey. The B’nai Brith Canada audit counts incidents reported to that organization, criminal and non-criminal alike, under definitions it developed itself; 92 per cent of the incidents it counted for 2025 were online harassment S216 S051 S231. The three series are not comparable and do not form a single trend. Both the police and Statistics Canada revise prior-year counts upward as investigations progress, so two different published figures for the same year are ordinary statistical revision rather than error S053 S051.

The Toronto Police Service does not attribute the rise in hate crime to protest, encampment or campus boycott activity. Its 2024 report states that student protest activities “are not believed to have caused the increase in hate crime offences”, noting that reporting did not rise in 52 Division, where the University of Toronto protest took place S216. Its 2025 report states that none of that year’s 231 hate crime occurrences happened during a protest, and counts the 84 arrests made at more than 375 Israel–Hamas-related demonstrations separately from the 73 arrests for hate-motivated offences S053. Police statistics also do not record whether an offence was connected to a boycott campaign.

Table 5. Antisemitic hate crime, Canada and Toronto, 2021–2026.

MeasureFiguresSource
Statistics Canada, police-reported anti-Jewish hate crimes, Canada, 2021–2025492, 527, 959, 943, 788, from the current authoritative table of 22 July 2026. The release of 30 March 2026 gave 920 for 2024, revised upward to 943 in the later table; revisions are accepted for one year after first releaseS051 S049
Statistics Canada, Canada, 20254,708 hate crimes; 788 anti-Jewish, 70.7% of religion-motivated and 16.7% of allS050
Toronto Police Service, 2024443 reported hate crimes, up 19% on 372 in 2023; 177 anti-Jewish, 40% of the total and about 81% of religion-motivated occurrences. The 2025 report restates 2024 as 462 occurrences and 180 anti-Jewish, 38% of the total. Both figures are correct: 177 is the original count and 180 the police’s own revisionS216 S053
Toronto Police Service, 2025231 reported hate crimes, which the report describes as a 50% decrease measured against the revised 2024 figure of 462, and a 47.9% decrease measured against the originally published 443; 81 anti-Jewish, 35% of all and 82% of religion-motivated; the five-year average is 299. The news release adds that hate crimes reported in 2026 to that date were up 40%S053 S053
B’nai Brith Canada audit, 2025 (an advocacy series, not a police count)6,800 incidents in 2025, which the audit states as a 9.3% increase on the 6,219 recorded for 2024; Ontario 3,194, up 79.2%; harassment 6,491, vandalism 299, violence 10; 92% of incidents were online harassment. Independent Jewish Voices Canada published a critique of the 2023 edition of the audit in June 2024, disputing the series’ methodology; it does not examine the 2025 auditS231 S196 S154
Jewish share of Toronto’s populationThe Toronto Police Service 2024 report states no Jewish population share. The figure of “about 14 times more likely to be targeted” is the Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs’ own calculation of 15 May 2026, dividing the police share of incidents by a population share it puts at under 3%; it is not a police figure and other sources use a higher population shareS216 S232
Campus Antisemitism and Student Experiences survey, Aug 202695.7% of about 900 Jewish students experienced or witnessed antisemitism; 54% of the separate general-student sample said boycotting Jewish-owned businesses is not antisemiticS065

Who organizes BDS in Canada

Table 6. Organizations that organize BDS in Canada.

OrganizationRoleFoundedSource
BDS National Committee (BNC)Leads the global movement; publishes its guidelines and target listsNov 2007S075 S127
PACBIAcademic and cultural boycott arm of the BNC6 Apr 2004S130
Canadian BDS Coalition & International BDS AlliesNational coalition of roughly 22 member groups across eight provinces. Its Basis of Unity calls Zionism a supremacist ideology and seeks a secular democratic State of Palestine. It publishes its membership roster and its Basis of Unity and describes itself as all-volunteer, but names no leadership, board or steering structure and publishes no financial information. By its own account it is not affiliated with the BDS National CommitteeInaugural meeting Apr 2016; renamed May 2024S223 S142 S143 S144
Just Peace Advocates / Mouvement pour une paix justeA Toronto-based member group listed under the Coalition’s “National” heading, credited as original publisher of two of the seven items on the Coalition’s reports page, including the April 2026 divestment report. A federal not-for-profit corporation, number 1070289-7, and not a registered charityIncorporated 27 Mar 2018S222 S144 S151
Coalition members, Toronto and OntarioAl Quds Committee – Toronto; Jewish Anti-Zionist Collective Toronto; Mask Bloc Toronto; Ontario Palestinian Rights Association (Oakville); Hamilton Coalition to Stop the War; Niagara Movement for Justice in PalestineNot stated by the CoalitionS144
Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East (CJPME)National lobby; keeps the register of Canadian BDS endorsers; not a Coalition member. The separately registered CJPME Foundation is a distinct legal entityNot established. The commonly cited 2002 appears only in third-party sources; the earliest federal registry date is 6 Feb 2007, and CJPME says it has met members of Parliament since 2004S234 S152 S144
Independent Jewish Voices CanadaListed by the BNC among Canadian BDS groups; not a Coalition member; not a registered charity2008, year only, per its own About pageS233 S137 S144
GTA Boycott 4 PalestineConsumer-boycott group documented only through an Action Network page and social media accounts. It is not on the Coalition’s member or affiliate list, not on the CJPME register, and has no registry recordNo founding date is documentedS162
UofT Occupy for PalestineOrganized the encampment on King’s College Circle that began on 2 May 2024, demanding disclosure, divestment and an end to ties with Israeli academic institutions; the University of Toronto’s president addressed its demands on 8 April 2024No founding date is documentedS024 S025

As at 15 September 2026 the federal registry recorded Just Peace Advocates as active, with two overdue annual filings and a notice of intent to dissolve S222.

Sources

  1. [S001] House of Commons of Canada (42nd Parliament, 1st Session). “House of Commons Vote No. 14: opposition motion rejecting the BDS movement” (22 February 2016). https://www.ourcommons.ca/Members/en/votes/42/1/14 [archive: none located]. Establishes the 229–51 result and the motion text.
  2. [S004] Global Affairs Canada. “Canada-Israel Free Trade Agreement (CIFTA), modernized agreement” (in force 1 September 2019). https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/trade-agreements-accords-commerciaux/agr-acc/israel/fta-ale/index.aspx?lang=eng [archive: none located]. Establishes the terms of the modernized agreement and the royal assent date of Bill C-85.
  3. [S005] Canada Gazette Part II. “Order fixing 1 September 2019 as entry into force of modernized CIFTA” (21 August 2019). https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2019/2019-08-21/html/si-tr77-eng.html [archive: none located]. Establishes the 1 September 2019 in-force date.
  4. [S008] Parliament of Canada (LEGISinfo). “Bill C-9, Combatting Hate Act (S.C. 2026, c. 15) - LEGISinfo” (royal assent 18 June 2026). https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/45-1/c-9 [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260823202951/https://www.parl.ca/legisinfo/en/bill/45-1/c-9]. Establishes the bill’s introduction on 19 September 2025, its royal assent on 18 June 2026 as S.C. 2026, c. 15, and the self-executing coming-into-force provision in section 12.
  5. [S009] Department of Justice Canada. “Bill C-9 Combatting Hate Act - Department of Justice overview” (2026). https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pl/c9/index.html [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260914040512/https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/pl/c9/index.html]. Establishes the offences created by the Act, including new Criminal Code section 423.3 and its 10-year maximum.
  6. [S015] Legislative Assembly of Ontario (41st Parliament, 1st Session). “Bill 202, Standing Up Against Anti-Semitism in Ontario Act, 2016” (second reading lost 19 May 2016). https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-41/session-1/bill-202 [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260911052340/https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-41/session-1/bill-202]. Establishes the sponsors and contents of Bill 202 and that it was lost on a recorded division at second reading.
  7. [S016] Legislative Assembly of Ontario (41st Parliament, 2nd Session; motion moved by Gila Martow). “Votes and Proceedings, 1 December 2016: Private Members’ Notice of Motion No. 36 carried 49-5” (1 December 2016). https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/house-documents/parliament-41/session-2/2016-12-01/votes-proceedings [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260210235744/https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/house-documents/parliament-41/session-2/2016-12-01/votes-proceedings]. Establishes the operative text of Motion 36, that it carried 49 to 5, and the names of the five members who voted against.
  8. [S020] City of Toronto. “By-law 488-2025, to amend City of Toronto Municipal Code Chapter 743 to provide access to Social Infrastructure” (enacted 22 May 2025). https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/bylaws/2025/law0488.pdf [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260415053512/https://www.toronto.ca/legdocs/bylaws/2025/law0488.pdf]. Establishes the by-law number, the 50-metre access area, the childcare-centre, place-of-worship and school definition, the application process, the 2 July 2025 in-force date, and that the only penalty specified is a fine under the Provincial Offences Act.
  9. [S021] Federal Court of Appeal (CanLII). “Canada (Attorney General) v. Kattenburg, 2020 FCA 164” (6 October 2020). https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fca/doc/2020/2020fca164/2020fca164.html [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20220705154008/https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fca/doc/2020/2020fca164/2020fca164.html]. Establishes that the decision of 6 October 2020 dismissed motions for leave to intervene and added Psagot Winery as a respondent, and that it did not decide the merits.
  10. [S022] Supreme Court of Canada. “Supreme Court of Canada docket 39474 - Independent Jewish Voices et al. v. Attorney General of Canada (leave dismissed)” (leave dismissed 1 April 2021). https://www.scc-csc.ca/cases-dossiers/search-recherche/39474/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the dismissal of leave on 1 April 2021 and that the question at issue was intervener status.
  11. [S023] LNI Resource Center. “Kattenburg v. Attorney General of Canada, 2019 FC 1003 - BDS case-law database entry” (29 July 2019). https://www.lni-resourcecenter.com/bds-case-laws/kattenburg-v.-attorney-general-of-canada,-2019-fc-1003-(fed.-ct.-ont.,-july-29,-2019).- [archive: none located]. Summarizes the Federal Court decision of 29 July 2019.
  12. [S024] Ontario Superior Court of Justice (Koehnen J.). “University of Toronto (Governing Council) v. Doe et al., 2024 ONSC 3755” (released 2 July 2024). https://www.canlii.org/en/on/onsc/doc/2024/2024onsc3755/2024onsc3755.html [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20241123174603/https://www.canlii.org/en/on/onsc/doc/2024/2024onsc3755/2024onsc3755.html]. Establishes the injunction’s terms, the strong prima facie case in trespass, the court’s refusal to decide Charter applicability, the alternative analysis in Appendix A, and the finding of no intent of violence, antisemitism or hatred among the named respondents.
  13. [S025] University of Toronto, Office of the President. “President Meric Gertler’s response to members of Occupy for Palestine” (8 April 2024). https://president.utoronto.ca/president-meric-gertlers-response-to-members-of-occupy-for-palestine/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the university’s rejection of academic boycotts of any kind, its position dating to the 1980s, and the demands Occupy for Palestine put to it.
  14. [S026] University of Toronto News. “U of T’s Provost withholds fees from graduate students’ union after it fails to act on student panel ruling” (8 March 2022). https://www.utoronto.ca/news/u-t-s-provost-withholds-fees-graduate-students-union-after-it-fails-act-student-panel-ruling [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260615110524/https://www.utoronto.ca/news/u-t-s-provost-withholds-fees-graduate-students-union-after-it-fails-act-student-panel-ruling]. Establishes the February 2021 ruling on the graduate students’ union bylaws and the $10,918 withheld, 0.86 per cent of fees.
  15. [S030] York University, Office of the President. “York University Independent Review (Hon. Thomas A. Cromwell)” (dated 30 April 2020). https://president.yorku.ca/files/2020/06/Justice-Cromwell%E2%80%99s-Independent-External-Review.pdf [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20251112210646/https://president.yorku.ca/files/2020/06/Justice-Cromwell%E2%80%99s-Independent-External-Review.pdf]. Establishes the review’s cover title, its date of 30 April 2020, its 84-page length and its scope.
  16. [S032] Toronto Metropolitan University. “Strengthening the Pillars: External Review of the Lincoln Alexander School of Law open letter (Hon. J. Michael MacDonald)” (31 May 2024). https://www.torontomu.ca/content/dam/report-release/TMU%20External%20Review%20Report%20dated%20May%2031,%202024.pdf [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260219042714/https://www.torontomu.ca/content/dam/report-release/TMU%20External%20Review%20Report%20dated%20May%2031%2C%202024.pdf]. Establishes the review’s findings on the open letter of 20 October 2023.
  17. [S034] Toronto Metropolitan University. “External Review Report 2025-2026 (Hon. Mary Lou Benotto with Margot Finley)” (14 August 2026). https://www.torontomu.ca/external-review/reports/external-review-report.pdf [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260907132544/https://www.torontomu.ca/external-review/reports/external-review-report.pdf]. Establishes the findings on the 2025 incidents and the finding that divestment and boycott initiatives are not politically neutral.
  18. [S049] Statistics Canada. “Police-reported hate crime, 2024 (The Daily)” (30 March 2026). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260330/dq260330a-eng.htm [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260902054102/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260330/dq260330a-eng.htm]. Establishes the 2024 national totals and the anti-Jewish count of 920 as first published.
  19. [S050] Statistics Canada. “Police-reported hate crime, 2025 (The Daily)” (22 July 2026). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260722/dq260722a-eng.htm [archive: none located]. Establishes the 2025 national totals and shares.
  20. [S051] Statistics Canada. “Police-reported hate crime by motivation, 2021-2025 (Table 6a)” (22 July 2026). https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260722/t006a-eng.htm [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260818013332/https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260722/t006a-eng.htm]. Establishes the current five-year series for anti-Jewish police-reported hate crime, including the 2024 figure as revised to 943.
  21. [S053] Toronto Police Service. “Toronto Police Service 2025 Annual Hate Crime Statistical Report news release” (news release, 14 May 2026). https://www.tps.ca/media-centre/news-releases/65932/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the 2025 Toronto headline figures as the police announced them and the 40 per cent year-to-date rise reported for 2026, which appears in the release only.
  22. [S065] Association for Canadian Studies / Metropolis Institute with NECA; commissioned by Canadian Heritage. “Campus Antisemitism and Student Experiences (CASE) report” (August 2026). https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/canada-holocaust/antisemitism/campus-antisemitism-student-experiences.html [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260921044138/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/canada-holocaust/antisemitism/campus-antisemitism-student-experiences.html]. Establishes the survey findings and the separation between the Jewish-student and general-student samples.
  23. [S075] Jewish Virtual Library (AICE; Mitchell Bard). “History of the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) Movement” (undated). https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bds-movement [archive: none located]. Establishes the 1945 Arab League boycott, the 2004 founding of PACBI and the 2007 founding of the BDS National Committee.
  24. [S086] Jewish Virtual Library (AICE). “Durban I: UN Conference against Racism 2001” (undated). https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/durban-i-un-conference-against-racism-2001 [archive: none located]. Establishes paragraph 424 of the Durban NGO Forum declaration.
  25. [S126] Palestinian BDS National Committee (BNC). “The BDS call (9 July 2005)” (9 July 2005). https://bdsmovement.net/bds-call [archive: none located]. Establishes the date and signatories of the 2005 call and its three cumulative demands.
  26. [S127] Palestinian BDS National Committee (BNC). “What is BDS?” (undated). https://bdsmovement.net/what-bds [archive: none located]. Establishes the BDS National Committee’s self-description and its leadership role.
  27. [S128] PACBI / BNC. “PACBI academic boycott guidelines” (undated). https://bdsmovement.net/pacbi/academic-boycott-guidelines [archive: none located]. Establishes the 12 categories of boycottable academic activity.
  28. [S130] PACBI / BNC. “PACBI (academic and cultural boycott arm) page” (undated). https://bdsmovement.net/pacbi [archive: none located]. Establishes PACBI’s role as the academic and cultural boycott arm and its founding date.
  29. [S132] PACBI / BNC. “Debating BDS: On Normalization and Partial Boycotts” (31 March 2012). https://bdsmovement.net/news/debating-bds-normalization-and-partial-boycotts [archive: none located]. Establishes PACBI’s rejection of settlement-only boycotts.
  30. [S137] Palestinian BDS National Committee (BNC). “Country tag: Canada” (undated). https://bdsmovement.net/taxonomy/term/21 [archive: none located]. Establishes which Canadian groups the BDS National Committee lists.
  31. [S140] Palestinian BDS National Committee (BNC). “BDS movement explained” (undated). https://bdsmovement.net/news/bds-movement-explained [archive: none located]. Establishes the BDS National Committee’s stated non-position on one or two states.
  32. [S142] Canadian BDS Coalition (with Just Peace Advocates). “Canadian BDS Coalition & International BDS Allies - homepage” (undated). https://bdscoalition.ca/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the Coalition’s current name, Canadian BDS Coalition & International BDS Allies.
  33. [S143] Canadian BDS Coalition. “Basis of Unity” (undated). https://bdscoalition.ca/basis-of-unity/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the Coalition’s description of Zionism and its stated goal of a secular democratic State of Palestine.
  34. [S144] Canadian BDS Coalition. “Coalition members” (undated). https://bdscoalition.ca/coalition-members/ [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260824162745/https://bdscoalition.ca/coalition-members/]. Establishes the Coalition’s published membership, including its Toronto and Ontario members and the listing of Just Peace Advocates under the heading National.
  35. [S151] Canadian BDS Coalition / Just Peace Advocates. “Divestment report exposes Canadian financial institutions’ ties” (17 April 2026). https://bdscoalition.ca/2026/04/17/divestment-report-exposes-canadian-financial-institutions-ties/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the April 2026 divestment report and Just Peace Advocates’ part in publishing it.
  36. [S152] Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East (CJPME). “Who supports BDS in Canada? (register of endorsers)” (undated). https://www.cjpme.org/who_supports_bds [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260106023721/https://www.cjpme.org/who_supports_bds]. Establishes the register of institutional endorsers and the dates it gives for them.
  37. [S154] Independent Jewish Voices Canada. “The B’nai Brith Audit of Antisemitic Incidents: An Unreliable and Dangerous Document” (June 2024). https://www.ijvcanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/The-Bnai-Brith-Audit-of-Antisemitic-Incidents-An-Unreliable-and-Dangerous-Document-1.pdf [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260728190726/https://www.ijvcanada.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/The-Bnai-Brith-Audit-of-Antisemitic-Incidents-An-Unreliable-and-Dangerous-Document-1.pdf]. Establishes that Independent Jewish Voices Canada disputed the methodology of the 2023 edition of the audit, in a document published in June 2024.
  38. [S162] GTA Boycott 4 Palestine. “GTA Boycott 4 Palestine (Action Network group)” (undated). https://actionnetwork.org/groups/gta-boycott-for-palestine [archive: none located]. Establishes the existence and self-description of the group, which is documented only through this page and social media accounts.
  39. [S163] The Varsity. “UTSU approves motion to divest from firms complicit in occupation of Palestinian territory” (21 February 2022). https://thevarsity.ca/2022/02/21/utsu-approves-motion-to-divest-from-firms-complicit-in-occupation-of-palestinian-territory/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the date and conduct of the special general meeting of 16 February 2022, that more than 300 participants attended, and that the article reports no vote tally.
  40. [S164] Algemeiner. “Jewish groups, students denounce University of Toronto student union’s BDS endorsement” (17 February 2022). https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/02/17/hold-jewish-groups-students-denounce-university-of-toronto-student-unions-bds-endorsement/ [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260121232532/https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/02/17/hold-jewish-groups-students-denounce-university-of-toronto-student-unions-bds-endorsement/]. Establishes one of the two competing press figures, 299 to 243.
  41. [S165] The Varsity. “Ontario bill targeting BDS movement voted down” (12 June 2016). https://thevarsity.ca/2016/06/12/ontario-bill-targeting-bds-movement-voted-down/ [archive: none located]. Establishes contemporaneous press coverage of the defeat of Bill 202.
  42. [S166] The Canadian Jewish News. “Ontario passes motion rejecting BDS campaign against Israel” (December 2016). https://thecjn.ca/news/ontario-passes-motion-rejecting-bds-campaign-against-israel/ [archive: none located]. Establishes contemporaneous press coverage of the 49–5 vote on Motion 36.
  43. [S169] CBC News. “Toronto city council passes bubble zone bylaw to limit protests around vulnerable institutions” (22 May 2025). https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-bubble-zone-protest-bylaw-1.7540321 [archive: none located]. Establishes contemporaneous press coverage of the council vote and the by-law.
  44. [S170] Michael Geist (blog). “Court issues injunction against U of T encampment on trespass grounds; some exterior speech rises to hate speech” (July 2024). https://www.michaelgeist.ca/2024/07/court-issues-injunction-against-university-of-toronto-encampment-on-trespass-grounds-finds-no-doubt-that-some-of-the-speech-on-the-exterior-of-the-encampment-rises-to-the-level-of-hate-speec/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the court’s findings on speech at the encampment’s exterior.
  45. [S171] CBC News. “Decision on University of Toronto injunction application (encampment)” (2 July 2024). https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/decision-university-toronto-injunction-encampment-1.7252343 [archive: none located]. Establishes the date of the injunction and the clearing of the encampment.
  46. [S175] The Canadian Jewish News. “Mamdouh Shoukri, president, says York University committed to inclusion” (21 April 2016). https://thecjn.ca/news/mamdouh-shoukri-president-says-york-university-committed-to-inclusion/ [archive: none located]. Establishes York University’s stated policy on BDS and divestment.
  47. [S177] Times of Israel. “Ryerson University student union votes to join BDS” (April 2014). https://www.timesofisrael.com/ryerson-university-student-union-votes-to-join-bds/ [archive: none located]. Establishes the Ryerson Students’ Union vote of 2 April 2014 and the university president’s response.
  48. [S196] JNS. “Most Jew-hatred in Canada in 2025 in 44 years B’nai Brith has tracked hate” (27 April 2026). https://www.jns.org/news/world/most-jew-hatred-in-canada-in-2025-in-44-years-bnai-brith-has-tracked-hate [archive: none located]. Establishes contemporaneous press coverage of the 2025 audit; note that it gives the year-over-year increase as 9.4 per cent where the audit itself states 9.3 per cent.
  49. [S199] Federal Court of Appeal (Noel C.J., Boivin and Rivoalen JJ.A.). “Canada (Attorney General) v. Kattenburg, 2021 FCA 86” (5 May 2021). https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fca/doc/2021/2021fca86/2021fca86.html [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20231121113101/https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fca/doc/2021/2021fca86/2021fca86.html]. Establishes the merits outcome of the Kattenburg appeal: the appeal dismissed, the matter remitted to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and the Agency not bound by the Federal Court’s reasons.
  50. [S201] Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (Open Government portal). “Question Period Note: Labelling of Wines and Other Food from Contested Territories Sold in Canada” (22 January 2024). https://search.open.canada.ca/qpnotes/record/aafc-aac%2CAAFC-2025-QP-00052 [archive: none located]. Establishes the substance of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s 2022 redetermination, which is not published on any government site.
  51. [S216] Toronto Police Service, Intelligence Services - Hate Crime Unit. “Toronto Police Service 2024 Annual Hate Crime Statistical Report” (covering 2024, presented to the Police Services Board in 2025). https://www.tps.ca/media/filer_public/5d/b2/5db216d5-a6f9-4f78-8e96-6187137cad3e/96c49e87-24c0-4800-a4ae-442a843fb7f1.pdf [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260831001002/https://www.tps.ca/media/filer_public/5d/b2/5db216d5-a6f9-4f78-8e96-6187137cad3e/96c49e87-24c0-4800-a4ae-442a843fb7f1.pdf]. Establishes the 2024 Toronto figures, including 443 occurrences and 177 anti-Jewish occurrences, and the report’s statement that student protest activities are not believed to have caused the increase.
  52. [S053] Toronto Police Service, Intelligence Services - Hate Crime Unit. “Toronto Police Service 2025 Annual Hate Crime Statistical Report (Police Services Board public agenda, 14 May 2026)” (presented to the Police Services Board 14 May 2026). https://tpsb.ca/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Public-Agenda-May-14-2026.pdf [archive: none located]. Establishes the 2025 Toronto figures, the restated 2024 baseline of 462 occurrences and 180 anti-Jewish occurrences, and the statement that none of the 231 occurrences happened during a protest.
  53. [S231] B’nai Brith Canada (League for Human Rights). “Annual Audit of Antisemitic Incidents 2025” (released 27 April 2026). https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lE1cqaXMit8cIHXtCAm7-spMbfVWogd2/view [archive: none located]. Establishes the 2025 audit figures, the 9.3 per cent increase the audit itself states, and the audit’s own account of what it counts.
  54. [S232] Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs (CIJA). “CIJA responds to new Toronto hate crime data” (15 May 2026). https://www.cija.ca/_this_normalization_cannot_continue_cija_responds_to_new_toronto_hate_crime_data [archive: none located]. Establishes that the figure of about 14 times more likely is this organization’s own calculation from the police figures and a population share, published on 15 May 2026.
  55. [S211] University of Toronto Students’ Union. “Statement RE: Implications of the Member-submitted Motion at the 2022 Special General Meeting” (17 February 2022). https://www.utsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Statement-RE-Implications-of-the-Member-submitted-Motion-at-the-2022-Special-General-Meeting.pdf [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20241110002651/https://www.utsu.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Statement-RE-Implications-of-the-Member-submitted-Motion-at-the-2022-Special-General-Meeting.pdf]. Establishes the union’s own account of the meeting of 16 February 2022, the motion text, the absence of any published tally, and the motion’s limitation to the union’s own funds.
  56. [S220] Jerusalem Post. “University of Toronto Student Union adopts BDS motion” (17 February 2022). https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-696869 [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260211230853/https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/article-696869]. Establishes the origin of the competing press figure of 299 to 143.
  57. [S222] Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (Corporations Canada). “Corporations Canada federal corporation record 1070289-7: Just Peace Advocates / Mouvement pour une paix juste” (registry page as at 15 September 2026). https://ised-isde.canada.ca/cc/lgcy/fdrlCrpDtls.html?corpId=10702897 [archive: none located]. Establishes Just Peace Advocates’ incorporation on 27 March 2018, its corporation number, and that it is a not-for-profit corporation rather than a registered charity.
  58. [S223] Canadian BDS Coalition. “About us” (undated). https://bdscoalition.ca/about-us/ [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260824162611/https://bdscoalition.ca/about-us/]. Establishes the Coalition’s inaugural meeting of April 2016, its self-description as all-volunteer, its statement that it is not affiliated with the BDS National Committee, and the absence of any named leadership or financial disclosure.
  59. [S233] Independent Jewish Voices Canada. “About Independent Jewish Voices Canada” (undated). https://www.ijvcanada.org/about/ [archive: none located]. Establishes that Independent Jewish Voices Canada states it was founded in 2008.
  60. [S234] Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (Corporations Canada). “Corporations Canada federal corporation record 440914-1: Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East” (registry page consulted September 2026). https://ised-isde.canada.ca/cc/lgcy/fdrlCrpDtls.html?corpId=4409141 [archive: none located]. Establishes the earliest federal registry date for CJPME, 6 February 2007, and that the CJPME Foundation is a distinct registered entity.
  61. [S215] University of Toronto Faculty Association. “Results of May 8th General Membership Meeting and Vote” (posted 13 May 2025). https://www.utfa.org/content/results-may-8th-general-membership-meeting-and-vote [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20251206062905/https://www.utfa.org/content/results-may-8th-general-membership-meeting-and-vote]. Establishes the University of Toronto Faculty Association vote of 8 May 2025 and its exact tally.
  62. [S229] York University Faculty Association. “YUFA’s Fall General Membership Meeting (GMM)” (meeting of 19 November 2024). https://www.yufa.ca/yufa_s_fall_general_membership_meeting_gmm [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260513132529/https://www.yufa.ca/yufa_s_fall_general_membership_meeting_gmm]. Establishes the York University Faculty Association motion of 19 November 2024 and that no tally was published.
  63. [S230] OCAD University Faculty Association. “Call for Disclosure, Divestment, Responsible Investment, and Support for Palestinian Scholars and Students” (letter dated 30 May 2024). https://ocadfa.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/OCADFA-Call-for-Disclosure-Divestment-Responsible-Investment-and-Support-for-Palestinian-Scholars-and-Students.pdf [archive: none located]. Establishes the OCAD University Faculty Association motion of 27 May 2024, its unanimous passage, and the institutions named in the petition it endorsed.
  64. [S217] City of Toronto (Toronto Meeting Management Information System). “City Council item 2025.CC30.5: Proposed By-law Amendment to Provide Access to Social Infrastructure” (vote of 22 May 2025). https://secure.toronto.ca/council/agenda-item.do?item=2025.CC30.5 [archive: http://web.archive.org/web/20260115044726/https://secure.toronto.ca/council/agenda-item.do?item=2025.CC30.5]. Establishes the 16–9 council vote of 22 May 2025 adopting the by-law item.
  65. [S235] Legislative Assembly of Ontario (41st Parliament, 1st Session). “Votes and Proceedings, 19 May 2016: second reading of Bill 202 lost on division” (19 May 2016). https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/house-documents/parliament-41/session-1/2016-05-19/votes-proceedings [archive: none located]. Establishes the recorded division on Bill 202: 18 ayes and 39 nays.

Page history

Published . Last updated .